How to Make a Synthesis Matrix for Research
Make a synthesis matrix by placing sources on one axis and shared questions or themes on the other.
How to Keep a Source Log for Personal Research
Keep a source log by creating one retrievable record per source when you first consult it.
Thinking Tools
How to Evaluate an Argument Step by Step
Identify the conclusion, list the reasons offered for it, and check both those reasons and the connection between them. Make any added assumption explicit.
Thinking ToolsHow to Evaluate Source Credibility
To evaluate source credibility, first state the exact claim and its stakes. Identify the creator, publisher, source type, date, purpose, and relevant access.
Essays
Observation vs Inference vs Assumption
An observation records what was directly noticed, measured, or documented under stated conditions.
Primary vs Secondary Sources: A Practical Test
A primary source provides original evidence or a firsthand record relevant to your research question.